中国国家机关名称（中英对照）

中国国家机关名称中英对照

全国人民代表大会National People's Congress (NPC)

主席团Presidium

常务委员会Standing Committee

办公厅General Office

秘书处Secretariat

代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee

提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee

民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee

法律委员会Law Committee

财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee

外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee

教育，科学，文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee

内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs

华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee

法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs

特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions

宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution

中华人民共和国主席President of the People's Republic of China

中央军事委员会Central Military Commission

最高人民法院Supreme People's Court

最高人民检察院Supreme People's Procuratorate

国务院State Council

  

(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council  

外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs

国防部Ministry of National Defence

国家发展计划委员State Development Planning Commission

国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission

教育部Ministry of Education

科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology

国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence

国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission

公安部 Ministry of Public Security

国家安全部 Ministry of State Security

监察部 Ministry of Supervision

民政部 Ministry of Civil Affairs

司法部 Ministry of Justice

财政部 Ministry of Finance

人事部 Ministry of Personnel

劳动和社会保障部 Ministry of Labour and Social Security

国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources

建设部Ministry of Construction

铁路部 Ministry of Railways

交通部 Ministry of Communications

信息产业部 Ministry of Information Industry

水利部Ministry of Water Resources

农业部Ministry of Agriculture

对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

文化部Ministry of Culture

卫生部Ministry of Public Health

国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission

中国人民银行People's Bank of China

国家审计署State Auditing Administration

  

(2)国务院办事机构Offices under that State Council  

国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council

侨务办公厅Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs

港澳办公厅Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office

台湾办公厅Taiwan Affairs Office

法制办公厅Office of Legislative Affairs

经济体制办公厅Office for Economic Restructuring

国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council

新闻办公室Information Office  

 

(3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council   

海关总署General Administration of Customs

国家税务总局State Taxation Administration

国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration

中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)

国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television

国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration

国家统计局State Statistics Bureau

国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce

新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration

国家版权局State Copyright Bureau

国家林业局State Forestry Bureau

国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision

国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)

国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)

国家旅游局National Tourism Administration

国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs

国务院参事室Counsellors' Office of the State Council

国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council

  

(4)国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council  

新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency

中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences

中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences

中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering

国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council

国家行政学院National School of Administration

中国地震局China Seismological Bureau

中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau

中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)

  

(5)部委管理的国家局State Bureaux Administration by Ministration or Commission) 

国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission)

国家国内贸易局 State Bureau of Internal Trade

国家煤炭工业局 State Bureau of Coal Industry

国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry

国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry

国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry

国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry

国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry

国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry

国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau

国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry

  

(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)

  

国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel)

国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)

国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)

国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)

国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)

国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health)

国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People's Bank of China)

国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)

联合国专业英语词汇

International Court of Justice 国际法院

Security Council 安全理事会

General Assembly 联合国大会

Secretariat 秘书处

Office of the Secretary General 秘书长办公室

　　Office of Legal Affairs 法务局

　　Department of Political and Security Council Affairs 证治安全局

　　Department of Economic and Social Affairs 经济社会局

　　Office of Public Information 公共资料处

　　Department of Conference Services 会议局

　　Office of General Services 总务处

United Nation Conference on Trade and Development Secretariat 　　

联合国贸易开发事物局

　　Unite Nation Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业开发机构

　　United Nations Administrative Tribunal 联合国行政裁判所

　　International Law Commission 国际法委员会

　　United Nation s Commission on International Trade Law国际贸易法委员会

Committee on the peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction 　　

公海海底海床和平利用特别委员会

Enlarged Committee for Program and Coordination,ECPC 　　

扩大计划调整委员会

　　Economic and Social Council 经济社会理事会

　　Statistical Commission 统计委员会

　　Population Commission 人口委员会

　　Commission for Social Development 社会开发委员会

　　Commission on Human Rights 人权委员会

　　Commission on the Status of Women 妇女地位委员会

　　Commission on Narcotic Drugs 麻醉药委员会

　　Council Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations 民间机构委员会

　　Committee on Housing, Building and Planning　住宅建筑企划委员会

　　Committee for Development Planning 开发计划委员会

　　Special Committee on Peace-Keeping Operations 维护和平活动特别委员会

　　United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易开发会议

　　Trade and Development Board,TDB 联合国开发委员会

　　United Nations Development Program,UNDP 联合国开发计划处

　　United Nation Children's Fund,UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会

United Nations Industrial Development Organization,UNIDO

联合国工业开发组织

United Nations Capital Development Fund,UNCDF　 　

联合国资本开发基金会

United Nations Institute for Training and Research,UNITR 　　

联合国调查训练研究所

　　United Nations FAO Intergovernmental Committee of the World Food Program 　　

        联合国FAO世界粮食计划国际委员会

　　International Narcotics Control Board,INCB国际麻醉药管制委员会

　　Trusteeship Council 信托投资理事会

　　International Labor Organization,ILO国际劳工组织

　　Food and Agriculture Organization,FAO 联合国粮食农业组织

　　United Nation Educational Scientific and Culture Organization,UNESCO　　

        联合国教育科学文化组织

　　International Civil Aviation Organization,ICAO国际民间航空组织

　　World Health Organization,WHO世界卫生组织

　　International Telecommunications Union,ITU国际电信同盟

　　World Meteorological Organization,WMO世界气象组织

　　Universal Postal Union,UPU万国邮政联盟

　　International Maritime Consultative Organzation,IMCO国际海事协议组织

　　International Finance Corporation,IFC国际金融组织

　　International Monetary Fund,IMF国际货币基金会

　　International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,IBRD 世界银行

　　International Development Association,IDA 国际开发协会

　　General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,GATT 有关关税贸易一般规定

　　International Atomic Energy Agency,IAEA 国际原子能组织

　　World Federation of Trade Unions,WFTU 世界劳工组织

　　International Confederation of Free Trade Unions,ICFTU国际自由劳工联盟

　　International Chamber of Commerce,ICC 国际工农商会

　　International Federation of Agricultural Producers,IFAC国际农业生产联盟

　　Inter-Parliamentary Union,IPU 诸国会议同盟

　　International Organization of Employers,IOE 国际雇佣者组织

　　World Veterans Federation,WVF 世界退伍军人联盟

　　International Union of Local Authorities,IULA 世界地方自治联盟

　　United Towns Organization,UTO 姊妹市团体联盟

中共中央委员会CPC      Central Committee
中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会     16th National Congress of Communist Party of China (16th NCCPC)
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会（简称 全国政协）    National Committee of the Chinese People\'s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC)
中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会常务委员会     Standing committee of the National Committee of the CPPCC
中国政协委员    member of the National Committee of CPPCC
中央纪律检查委员会    Central Commission for Discipline Inspection

金融、保险机构

中国人民银行 People\'s Bank of China
中国人民建设银行 People\'s Construction Bank of China
中国工商银行 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China
中国农业银行 Agricultural Bank of China
中国银行 Bank of China
交通银行 Bank of Communications
中国投资银行 China Investment Bank
中信实业银行 CITIC Industrial Bank
中国光大银行 Everbright Bank of China
厦门国际银行 Xiamen International Bank
广东发展银行 Guangdong Development Bank
浦东发展银行 Pudong Development Bank
中国国际信托投资公司 China International Trust ＆ Investment Corporation
中国人民保险公司 People\'s Insurance Company of China
平安保险公司 Ping An Insurance Company
中国人寿保险公司 China Life Insurance Company Ltd.

世贸组织

《巴黎公约》(关于保护工业知识产权的公约)      Paris Convention
《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）  Basel Convention
《北美自由贸易协定》     NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
《濒危物种国际贸易公约》    Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）    Berne Convention
《多种纤维协定》    MFA (Multifibre Agreement)
《纺织品与服装协议》    ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)
《服务贸易总协定》    GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services)
《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》    DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)
《京都议定书》     Kyoto Protocol
《里斯本条约》（有关地理标识及其国际注册）    Lisbon Agreement
《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定)     Montreal Protocol
《农产品协议》特殊保障     SSG (Special Safeguard)
《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款    Peace clause
《生物多样性公约》     CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity)
《信息技术协议》     ITA (Information Technology Agreement)
WTO最不发达国家高级别会议     HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)
北美自由贸易区      NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area)

东部和南部非洲共同市场     COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)
东盟自由贸易区     ASEAN Free Trade Area
动植物卫生检疫措施     SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard )

非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）    ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)
风险管理/评估     risk management/ assessment
关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身      GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
规避     Circumvention
国际标准化组织     ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
国际纺织品服装局    ITCB (International Textile and Clothing Bureau)
国际货币基金组织    IMF (International Monetary Fund)
国际劳工组织     ILO (International Labor Organization)
国际贸易中心     ITC (International Trade Center)
国际贸易组织     ITO (International Trade Organization)
国际贸易组织临时委员会    ICITO (Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization)
国际清算     international settlement
国际收支     balance of international payments/ balance of payment
国际收支条款    BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions
国际兽疫组织    International Office of Epizootics

经济合作与发展组织      OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)
垃圾融资     junk financing
联合国环境署     UNEP (United Nations Environment Program)
联合国开发计划署    UNDP (United Nations Development Program)
联合国粮农组织    FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States)
联合国贸易与发展会议    UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)
粮食安全    Food security
慢性萧条    chronic depression　
贸易和投资自由化和便利化    TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)
贸易与发展委员会     Committee on Trade and Development
贸易与环境委员会     Committee on Trade and Environment
模式     Modalities
南方共同市场（或称南锥体共同市场）     MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market)
南亚区域合作联盟     SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)
欧洲自由贸易联盟     EFTA (European Free Trade Association)

食品法典委员会    CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission)
世界海关组织    WCO (World Customs Organization)
世界贸易组织    WTO (World Trade Organization)
世界知识产权组织     WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)
市场准人的行政管理措施    AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access)

协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）    HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)

知识产权    IPRs (Intellectual property rights)

转基因生物    GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)
祖父条款      grandfather clause
最不发达国家    LDCs (Least-developed countries)
最初谈判权(初谈权)     INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights)
最惠国待遇（现通常称\'正常贸易关系\'）    MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment
最惠国贸易地位(待遇)      MFN (Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)

WTO术语英文解释

 

General

GATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO. An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements.
GATT 1947 — The old (pre-1994) version of the GATT.
GATT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods.
Members — WTO governments (first letter capitalized, in WTO style).
MFN — Most-favoured-nation treatment (GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.national treatment — The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals. GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs. GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection.
TPRB, TPRM — The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the Trade
Policy Review Mechanism.
transparency — Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable.
Uruguay Round — Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993. Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994.

ITA — Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000.
I WCO — World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures.

TA II — Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA’s product coverage.

ATC — The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GATT rules within a ten-year period.

CTG — Council for Trade in Goods — oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC.
integration programme — The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January
1995 and ending on 1 January 2005.
ITCB — International Textiles and Clothing Bureau — Geneva-based group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing.
MFA — Multifibre Arrangement (1974-94) under which countries whose markets are disrupted by increased imports of textiles and clothing from another country were able to negotiate quota restrictions.
swing — When an exporting country transfers part of a quota from one product to another restrained product.
TMB — The Textiles Monitoring Body, consisting of a chairman plus ten members acting in a personal capacity, oversees the implementation of ATC commitments.

BSE — Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or “mad cow disease”.

CAP — Common Agricultural Policy — The EU’s comprehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world.

EEP — Export enhancement programme — programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets.

CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity.

TRIPS — Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
UPOV — International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants
Washington Treaty — Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits.
WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization.

FDI — Foreign direct investment.

TRIMS — Trade-related investment measures.

DSB — Dispute Settlement Body — when the WTO General Council meets to settle trade disputes.
DSU — The Uruguay Round Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes.
nullification and impairment — Damage to a country’s benefits and expectations from its WTO membership through another country’s change in its trade regime or failure to carry out its WTO
obligations.

GATS — The WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services.

ACP — African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. Group of 71 countries with preferential trading relation with the EU under the former Lom? Treaty now called the Cotonou Agreement.
Andean Community — Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.
APEC — Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.
ASEAN — Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The seven ASEAN members of the WTO — Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand — often speak in the WTO as one group on general issues. The other ASEAN members are Laos and Vietnam.
Caricom — The Caribbean Community and Common Market comprises 15 countries.
CTD — The WTO Committee on Trade and Development
Customs union — Members apply a common external tariff (e.g. the EC).
EC — European Communities (official name of the European Union in the WTO).
EFTA — European Free Trade Association.
free trade area — Trade within the group is duty free but members set own tariffs on imports from non-members (e.g. NAFTA).
G15 — Group of 15 developing countries acting as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement.
G77 — Group of developing countries set up in 1964 at the end of the first UNCTAD (originally 77, but now more than 130 countries).
G7 — Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States.
GRULAC — Informal group of Latin-American members of the WTO.
GSP — Generalized System of Preferences — programmes by developed countries granting preferential tariffs to imports from developing countries.
HLM — WTO High-Level Meeting for LDCs, held in October 1997 in Geneva.
ITC — The International Trade Centre, originally established by the old GATT and is now operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD. Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries.
LDCs — Least-developed countries.
MERCOSUR — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.
NAFTA — North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the US.
Quad — Canada, EC, Japan and the United States.
SACU — Southern African Customs Union comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.
S&D — “Special and differential treatment” provisions for developing countries. Contained in several WTO agreements.
UNCITRAL — United Nations Centre for International Trade Law, drafts model laws such as the one on government procurement.
UNCTAD — The UN Conference on Trade and Development.

Trade and environment

Agenda 21 — The Agenda for the 21st Century — a declaration from the 1992 Earth Summit (UN Conference on the Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro.
Article XX — GATT Article listing allowed “exceptions” to the trade rules.
Basel Convention — An MEA dealing with hazardous waste.
BTA — Border tax adjustment
CITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. An MEA.
CTE — The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment.
EST — Environmentally-sound technology.
EST&P — EST and products.
ex ante, ex post — Before and after a measure is applied.
LCA — Life cycle analysis — a method of assessing whether a good or service is environmentally friendly.
MEA — Multilateral environmental agreement.
Montreal Protocol — An MEA dealing with the depletion of the earth’s ozone layer.
PPM — Process and production method.
TBT — The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.
waiver — Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments. Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified.