【CATTI笔译】2013备考三级笔译翻译实务真题

【通译课程之CATTI笔译教学模块】材料

以下选自通译翻译基础课程CATTI笔译考试辅导科目用于练习的部分真题

 

2006年5月人事部三级笔译真题

第一部分 英译汉

环保

Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.
    In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year.
    'It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing.' For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.
    A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.
    Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.
    Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.
    In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.
A changing Arctic is felt there, too. 'The reindeer are becoming unhappy,' said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.
    Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.
    And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.
     'The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns,' said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. 'They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it.'

A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its

own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

第二部分 汉译英

2006年11月人事部三级笔译真题

第一部分 英译汉

疾病

Faced with growing evidence that avian influenza is spreading in birds, the World Health Organization on Wednesday signed an agreement with the Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche Holding to build up its stockpile of medicines in case of a pandemic in humans.

Under the agreement, Roche will reserve three million treatments of its Tamiflu antiviral medicine for use by the  UN agency in case of a worldwide human pandemic of avian flu.

'It's just enough to deal with an initial outbreak,' said Jong-Wook Lee, director-general of the WHO. 'But clearly this is not enough to deal with a full pandemic.'

The agency says only 57 people in Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand and Cambodia have died, mainly from contact with infected birds. The virus has killed millions of chickens and led to preventive culling across Asia since late 2003.

Sustained human-to-human infection has not yet been recorded.But the World Health Organization warns that bird flu, which first appeared in Hong Kong in 1997, could mutate genetically, making it easier for humans to catch and transmit the disease among themselves.

Signs the disease has spread recently to birds in Siberia and Kazakhstan are adding to concerns, the WHO says. A panel of European Union experts will convene Thursday in Brussels to discuss measures to prevent the spread of bird deaths to European poultry.

When asked whether he thought a widespread outbreak in humans was imminent, Lee said: 'We don't know when it will come. But it would be hugely irresponsible if the WHO and member states did not take preventive measures now.'

Roche declined to give figures for its stockpiles of Tamiflu.

A spokeswoman for the company, Martina Rupp, said it took from 12 to 18 months to deliver the drug after an order was placed- a relatively long time due to a complicated production process.

第二部分 汉译英

２５年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，开放型经济已经形成，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。从１９７８年至２００３年的２５年间，中国经济年均增长９．４％。２５年前，中国年国内生产总值为１４７３亿美元，去年已达到１４０００多亿美元。２５年前，中国年进出口贸易总额为２０６亿美元，去年已达到８５１２亿美元。２５年前，中国外汇储备为１．６７亿美元，去年已达到４０３３亿美元。目前，中国经济总量居世界第六，进出口贸易总额居世界第四。中国之所以能够发生这样巨大的变化，最关键的原因是我们始终坚持走中国特色社会主义道路，始终坚持改革开放，激发了全体人民的积极性、主动性、创造性。

中国虽然取得了很大的发展成就，但中国人口多，底子薄，生产力不发达，发展很不平衡，生态环境、自然资源与经济社会发展的矛盾比较突出。虽然中国人均国内生产总值已经突破１０００美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中国要实现现代化，使全体人民都过上富裕生活，还需要进行长期不懈的艰苦奋斗。

我们已经明确了本世纪头２０年的奋斗目标，这就是全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，到２０２０年实现国内生产总值比２０００年翻两番，达到４万亿美元，人均国内生产总值达到３０００美元，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。

2007年5月人事部三级笔译真题

第一部分 英译汉

科技

It took nine years from the time the Danish and Swedish governments agreed to build a fixed link between their countries to the time the first car, train, truck and bicyclists crossed the Oresund Bridge.

Construction of the bridge, including design and cornerstone, began in March 1991 and was completed in July 2000. Today, it is the longest stone-stayed road and rail bridge in the world. At approximately 10 miles (16 kilometers), including the tunnel, it is an engineering and architectural marvel. But as time has proven, the bridge is a cultural and economic boon as well. The sleek span of concrete whose design typifies Scandinavian minimalism has contributed greatly to the development of the Oresund region: the eastern part of Denmark, including Copenhagen, and the southwestern part of Sweden, including Malmö and Lund.

The level of commuting between Malmö and Copenhagen has quadrupled since the opening of the bridge in 2000, and the number of Danes moving to the south of Sweden has increased sixfold. The Oresund region has become a cultural and economic powerhouse, considered a model region by the European Union.

Work on the bridge began in 1995, and was undertaken by a team of international consulting and construction companies.

From the beginning, construction of the bridge complied with some of the world’s toughest environmental regulations, as well as many advanced design and construction details. The Mexico-based CEMEX, one of the world’s largest producers of Cement and ready-mix concrete, was awarded a contract to deliver tons of high-quality cement to help build the main part of the bridge, the two approach bridges and the tunnel.

When it opened in July 2000, the Oresund Bridge consisted of a 3.5-kilometer immersed tunnel, the largest of its kind in the world, a 4-kilometer long artificial island (made from mud dug out from the bottom of strait to make space for the tunnel) and a 7.8-kilometer cable-stayed bridge, the world’s longest bridge including both a highway and a railroad.

Though just half of the total construction, the actual bridge span, is visible above water, the overall architecture was designed to please the eye from both the Danish and Swedish sides of the strait.

The four 204-meter (670 feet) tall pillars carrying the bridge have a simple Scandinavian design. To drivers and passengers crossing the bridge, the pillars provide a visual, as well as actual, impression of stability and calm.

The two-level structure is made of steel and concrete. Along tile two approach bridges, tracks are piaced in concrete troughs that turn into steel decks on the bridge. The bridge’s upper deck carries cars and trucks, while the lower deck accommodates the railroad. The four pillars are grounded in giant cement boxes placed at the bottom of the strait, about 18 meters below sea level.

Last year, an average of 13,600 vehicles and 17,000 passengers crossed the bridge everyday, and traffic continues to increase by 10-20 percent every year.

Throughout the construction process, the Danish and Swedish environmental agencies have surveyed but found no changes in the wildlife, birds, fish and vegetation surrounding the bridge. In addition, the chemicals used in construction and the percentage of waste materials have been kept to a minimum, as required by both Danish and Swedish laws.

In 2003, the Oresund Bridge won the IABSE (International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering) Outstanding Structural Award for its innovative design, planning and construction management, as well as its strict compliance with the time schedule, budget and environmental requirements.

第二部分 汉译英

能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。
    过去100多年里，发达国家先后完成了工业化，消耗了地球上大量的自然资源，特别是能源资源。当前，一些发展中国家正在步入工业化阶段，能源消费增加是经济社会发展的客观必然。
    中国是当今世界上最大的发展中国家，发展经济，摆脱贫困，是中国政府和中国人民在相当长一段时期内的主要任务。20世纪70年代末以来，中国作为世界上发展最快的发展中国家，经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就，成功地开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，为世界的发展和繁荣作出了重大贡献。
    中国是目前世界上第二位能源生产国和消费国。能源供应持续增长，为经济社会发展提供了重要的支撑。能源消费的快速增长，为世界能源市场创造了广阔的发展空间。中国已经成为世界能源市场不可或缺的重要组成部分，对维护全球能源安全，正在发挥着越来越重要的积极作用。

2007年11月人事部三级笔译真题

第一部分 英译汉

叙事

One of the biggest decisions Andy Blevins has ever made, and one of the few he now regrets, never seemed like much of a decision at all. It just felt like the natural thing to do.
    In the summer of 1995, he was moving boxes of soup cans, paper towels and dog food across the floor of a supermarket warehouse, one of the biggest buildings here in southwest Virginia. The heat was brutal. The job had sounded impossible when he arrived fresh off his first year of college, looking to make some summer money, still a skinny teenager with sandy blond hair and a narrow, freckled face.
    But hard work done well was something he understood, even if he was the first college boy in his family. Soon he was making bonuses on top of his $6.75 an hour, more money than either of his parents made. His girlfriend was around, and so were his hometown buddies.
It was just about the perfect summer. So the thought crossed his mind: maybe it did not have to end. Maybe he would take a break from college and keep working. He had been getting C's and D's, and college never felt like home, anyway.
    'I enjoyed working hard, getting the job done, getting a paycheck,' Mr. Blevins recalled. 'I just knew I didn't want to quit.'
    So he quit college instead, and with that, Andy Blevins joined one of the largest and fastest-growing groups of young adults in America. He became a college dropout, though nongraduate may be the more precise term.
    Many people like him plan to return to get their degrees, even if few actually do. Almost one in three Americans in their mid-20's now fall into this group, up from one in five in the late 1960's, when the Census Bureau began keeping such data. Most come from poor and working-class families.
    'The system makes a false promise to students,' said John T. Casteen III, the president of the University of Virginia, himself the son of a Virginia shipyard worker.

第二部分 汉译英

中国自1978年开始实行改革开放政策以来，极大地解放和发展了中国的社会生产力，我国国内生产总值年均增长9.67%。中国在世界经济总量中所占比重不到1%，现在已经达到了4%。从1978—2005年，中国经济年均增长9％以上，GDP由1 473亿美元增加到22 600亿美元，年进出口贸易总额由206亿美元增加到16 000亿美元，外汇储备由1亿多美元增加到8 000多亿美元。目前，中国经济总量居世界第4位，进出口贸易总额居世界第3位。

中国坚持以和平的方式发展，一贯奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。中国的外交宗旨是维护世界和平、促进共同发展。中国的发展有利于中国周边地区的稳定、世界的持久和平与各国的共同发展。事实表明，中国经济的发展，正在成为亚太地区、乃至整个世界经济增长的重要推动力量。中国的崛起不会妨碍任何人，也不会威胁任何人。

中国用科学发展观指导国内发展，同时维护国际社会的可持续发展。中国充分利用世界和平发展带来的机遇发展自己，又以自身的发展更好地维护世界和平。中国坚持奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，宗旨就是维护世界和平、促进共同发展。中国发展是世界发展的一个重要组成部分，中国以自己的发展促进了世界的和平，为人类社会的发展进步作出了贡献。

中国为促进周边地区和世界经济的稳定与发展作出了贡献。尊重和维护世界的多样性，构建和谐社会。

中国坚持奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，宗旨就是维护世界和平、促进共同发展。

2008年5月人事部三级笔译真题

第一部分英译汉

科技

A year ago, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with orderly rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high quality Italian pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.

Lured by generous new subsidies to develop alternative energy sources - and a measure of concern about the future of the planet - European farmers are plunging into growing crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil when burned. They are chasing after their counterparts in the Americas who have been cropping for biofuel for more than five years.

'This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms,' said Marcello Pini, a farmer, standing in front of the sea of waving yellow flowers he planted for the first time this year. 'Of course we hope it helps the environment, too.'

In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry in Europe, approved a directive that included a 'binding target' requiring member states to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 - the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.

Most EU states are currently far from achieving the target, and are introducing new incentives and subsidies to boost production.

As a result, bioenergy crops have now replaced food as the most profitable crop in a number European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at €22 per 100 kilograms, or $13.42 per 100 pounds - nearly twice the €11-to-€12 rate per 100 kilograms of wheat on the open market last year. Better still, European farmers are allowed to plant biofuel crops on 'set-aside' fields, land that EU agriculture policy would otherwise require them to leave fallow to prevent an oversupply of food.

But an expert panel convened by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization this month pointed out that the biofuels boom produces both benefits as well as tradeoff and risks - including higher and wildly fluctuating global food prices. In some markets grain prices have nearly doubled because farmers are planting for biofuels,

'At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the lot of farmers and injects life into rural areas,' said Gustavo Best, an expert at the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. 'But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, we're seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light.'

Josette Sheeran, the new head of the UN World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new dilemmas for her agency. 'An increase in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food. So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity.'

In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel oils like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.

'New and increasing demand for bioenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market,' said Claudia Conti, a spokeswoman for Barilla, one of the largest Italian pasta makers. 'Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of their main raw material growing quickly to quickly to historical highs.'

For some experts, more worrisome is the potential impact to low-income consumers from the displacement of food crops by bioenergy plantings. In the developing world, the shift from growing food to growing more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment in places where wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the FAO expert panel concluded.

But officials at the European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent the worst price and supply problems that have plagued American markets.

'We see in the United States farmers going crazy growing corn for biofuels, but also producing shortages of food and feed,' said Michael Mann, a commission spokesman. 'So we see biofuel as a good opportunity - but it shouldn't be the be-all and end-all for agriculture.'

In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the EU agriculture and rural development commissioner, said that the 10 percent EU target was 'not a shot in the dark,' but rather carefully chosen to encourage a level of biofuel industry growth that would not produce undue hardship for the Continent's poor. Over the next 14 years, she calculated, it would push up would raw material prices for cereal by 3 percent to 6 percent by 2020, while prices for oilseed may rise between 5 percent and 18 percent. But food prices on the shelves would barely change, she said.

第二部分 汉译英

中国历来重视人才工作，并实施”人才强国“战略，大力开发人力市场资源，为人才发挥作用创造必要的条件和环境中国目前实行的是工程技术人员职称聘任制度，经过多年的实践，中国已经形成了一套比较完整的工程技术人员制度，并探索实行工程技术人员职称聘任制度制度。

工程技术人员职务聘任制度形成于计划经济时期，随着社会主义市场经济的建立和经济社会的发展需要进一步完善和改革，人事部、建设部、教育部、中国工程院、中国科协等部门专门成立了领导小组，组织关于技术人才的研究，提出工程技术人才改革框架，建立以业绩和能力为导向的、科学的、人才绩效评价制度，并积极促进工程师国际互认和资格准入制度。

2008年11月人事部三级笔译真题

环保

第一部分英译汉

    With plant species disappearing at an alarming rate, scientists and governments are creating a global network of plant banks to store seeds and sprouts that may be needed for man to adapt the world’s food supply to climate change.

    This week, the flagship of that effort, the Global Seed Vault, received its first seeds here—millions of them. Bored into the middle of a snow-topped Arctic mountain in Longyearbyen, Norway, the seed valut has as its goal the storing of every kind of seed from every collection on the planet.

    While seeds will remain in ordinary seed banks, the vault’s stacked gray boxes will form a backup in case natural disaster or human error erases the seeds from the outside world.

For year, a hodgepodge network of seed banks has been amassing seed and schoot collection. Labs in Mexico banked corn species. Those in Nigeria banked cassava.

    These scattered efforts are being consolidated and systematized, in part because of better technology to preserve plant genes and in part because of rising alarm about the trend of climate change and its impact on world food production.

    This week the urgency of the problem was underscored as wheat prices reached record highs and wheat stockpiles dropped to the lowest level in 35 years. Droughts and new diseases cut wheat production in many parts of the world.

    A well-organized system of plant banks could be crucial in responding to climate crises because it could identify strains that are better able to cope with a changed environment. At the Global Seed

    Vault, hundreds of boxes containing seeds from Syria to Mexico were being moved this week into a freezing vault to be placed in suspended animation. Collectively they harbor a vast range of characteristics, including the ability to withstand drier, warmer climates.

Seeds must be stored at minus 20 degrees Celsius (minus 4 Fahrenheit). Underground in Longyearbyen, just 1,000 kilometers, or 600 miles, from the North Pole, the seeds will stay frozen regardless of power failures.

    The vault was built by Norway, and its operations are financed by government and private donations including $20 million from Britain, $12 million from Australia, $11 million from Germany and $6.5 million from the United States.

    The effort to preserve a wide variety of plant genes in banks is particularly urgent because many farms now grow just one or two crops. They are particularly vulnerable to pests, disease and climate change.

    Just as efforts to preserve biodiversity increase, economics encourages farmers to focus on fewer crops. But the stored seeds many contain traits that will prove advantageous in another time.

    “You need a system to conserve the variety, so it doesn’t become extinct,” said Cary Fowler president of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, the non-profit group that runs the vault. ”A farmer may make a bowl of porridge with the last seeds of a strain that is of no use to him, and then it’s gone. And potentially those are exactly the seeds we will need a decade later.”

Scientists are also working to learn more about the genetic characteristics of each banked seed—crucial knowledge that is often not recorded. Ultimately plant breeders will be able to consult a global database to find seeds suitable for the particular challenge confronting a region, like corn with a stalk that is strong enough to resist high winds or wheat that needs less water.

  第二部分汉译英

    在上海的现代化轻轨列车上，上班族有的在打手机，有的在用笔记本电脑，有的在观赏车内顺平显示器上播放的电影。全国各地，半导体工厂在昔日的农田拔地而起，而在日益扩展的城市中，众多大学校园和新公司林立的高科技园区正再现美国硅谷的模式。

    中国拥有大量的技术人才。依靠这些人才，中国的高科技设计和开发能力正日益提高。

    中国承担了大批全球制造业务，生产电视机、电脑、移动电话和其他电子产品。同时，中国正计划制造电脑芯片和网络交换机等更复杂、更精密的高科技产品。

    中国政府正致力于扶持信息技术产业，使之成为一大经济支柱，重点发展半导体和软件工业，并对新公司采取提供价廉土地和税收优惠等激励措施。

对外国投资者来说，中国的美丽在于其规模庞大、扩展迅速的国内市场。另一个优势则是低工资，中国工程师的薪水仅是西方同行的十分之一。

2009年5月人事部三级笔译真题

能源

第一部分英译汉

    Last Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an extraordinary scientific opinion: The European union should suspend its goal of having 10 percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by 2020.

    The European Union's biofuel targets were increased and extended from 5.75 percent by 2010 to 10 percent by 2020 just last year. Still, Europe's well-meaning rush to biofuels, the scientists concluded, had produced a slew of harmful ripple effects- from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for grain.

    In a recommendation released last weekend, the 20-member panel, made u of some of Europe's most distinguished climate scientists, called the 10-percent target 'overambitious' and an 'experiment' whose 'unintended effects are difficult to predict and difficult to control.'

    'The idea was that we felt we needed to slow down, to analyze the issue carefully and then come back at the problem,' Laszlo Somlyody, the panel's chairman and a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, said in a telephone interview.

    He said that part of the problem was that when it set the target, the European Union was trying desperately to solve the problem of rising transportation emissions 'in isolation,' without adequately studying the effects of other sectors like land use and food supply.

    'The starting point was correct: I'm happy that the European Union took the lead in cutting greenhouse gases and we need to control traffic emissions,' Somlyody said. 'But the basic problem is it thought of transport alone, without considering all these other effects. And we don't understand those very well yet.'

    The panel's advice is not binding and it is not clear whether the European Commission will follow the recommendation.

    It has become increasingly clear that the global pursuit of biofuels --encouraged by a rash of targets and subsidies in both Europe and the United States - has not produced the desired effect.

    Investigations have shown, for example, rain forests and swamps are being cleared to make way for biofuel plantations, a process that produces more emissions than the biofuels can save.

Meanwhile, land needed to produce food for people to eat is planted with more profitable biofuel crops, and water is diverted from the drinking supply.

    In Europe and the United States, food prices for items like pizza and bread have increased significantly as grain stores shrink and wheat prices rise.

    The prices of wheat and rice are double those of a year ago, and corn is a third higher, the Food and Agriculture Organization said this week.

    'Food price inflation hits the poor hardest, as the share of food in their total expenditures is much higher than that of wealthier populations,' said Henri Josserand of the Food and Agriculture Organization.

    Biofuels are not, of course, the only reason for high food prices. Fuel used to transport food is more expensive, and there have been unexpected droughts this year as well.

Should we conclude that all biofuels are bad?

    No. But motivated by the obvious problems now emerging, scientists have begun to take a harder look at their benefits.

    For example, the European Environment Agency advisory panel suggests that the best use of plant biomass is not for transport fuel but to heat homes and generate electricity.

To be useful for vehicles, plant matter must be distilled to a fuel and often transported long distances. To heat a home, it can often be used raw or with minimal processing, and moved just a short distance away.

 

第二部分 汉译英

    作为一个国际商业中心，上海拥有繁忙的港口，亚洲最重要的证券交易所之一，以及世界500强都不能忽视的巨大市场。

    上海已建成全国顶级的博物馆和歌剧院，还将举办2010年世界博览会，向人们展示其商业和文化中心的地位。在世博会153年的历史中，拥有1700万人口的上海将成为发展中国家的首个东道主。

    预计在2010年5月至10月的世博会期间，参观人数将达到创纪录的7000万人次。世博会的主题为：城市，让生活更美好。上海希望通过举办世博会盈利的同时，能吸引资金流向其服务业。从长远看，世博会将有利于城市改造并全面提升海海的国际形象。

    上海计划为世博会投资30亿美元。为确保世博会举办期间交通顺畅，还将投入更多资金用于改造道路和地铁。

    根据世博会规划，所有会展建筑将建在黄浦江两岸，包括众多高科技展厅和一个会议中心。上海市政府决心通过举办世博会，不断改善城市生活。世博会结束后，大部分场址将被改造成生活、办公和休闲设施。

2009年11月人事部三级笔译真题

第一部分英译汉

叙事

    Plans are well under way for a year of celebrations to mark the upcoming bicentennial of one of Poland's favorite native sons-Frédéric, Chopin.

    The prestigious International Chopin Competition for pianists will mark its 16th edition in October 2010. Held every five years, the competition draws scores of young musicians from all over the world. In addition, Warsaw's Chopin Museum, with the world's largest collection of Chopin documents and other artifacts, will undergo a total redesign, modernization and expansion.

    A lavishly illustrated new guidebook called 'Chopin's Poland' was already published this year. It leads visitors to dozens of sites in Warsaw and elsewhere around the country where the composer lived, ate, studied, performed, visited or even partied.

    'Actually, Chopin doesn't need to be promoted, but we hope that Poland and Polish culture can be promoted through Chopin,' said Monika Strugala, who is coordinating the Chopin 2010 program under the aegis of the Fryderyk Chopin Institute, a body set up by the Sejm in 2001 to promote and protect Chopin's work and image.

    'We want to confirm to all that he is a very, very important Polish symbol,' she said. Indeed, it's not much of an exaggeration to say that Chopin's music flows through the Polish national consciousness like some sort of cultural lifeblood.

    The son of a Polish mother and a French émigré father, Chopin was born in a manor house at Zelazowa Wola, about 50 kilometers, or 30 miles, west of Warsaw, and moved to Warsaw as an infant.

    The manor is something of a Chopin shrine-since the 1930 s it has been a museum and center for concerts. Like the Chopin Museum in Warsaw, it, too, is undergoing extensive renovation as part of bicentennial preparations.

    Chopin spent his first 20 years in and around Warsaw. He was already a noted pianist as a boy and composed concertos and other important works as a teenager. He carried Polish soil with him when he left Warsaw on a concert tour in 1830, just a few weeks before the outbreak of the November Uprising, an abortive Polish revolt against Czarist Russia, which then ruled Warsaw and a broad swath of Polish territory.

    Chopin remained in exile in France after the uprising was crushed. But so attached was he to his native land that after his death in Paris in 1849 his heart-on his own instructions-was brought back to Warsaw for interment. The rest of his body is buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris.

    'For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also,'reads the Biblical inscription on a plaque where his heart is kept today, preserved in an urn and concealed in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in central Warsaw. Mozart's'Requiem' will be performed here as part of Bicentennial events.

    Exile and patriotism, as well as extraordinary genius, have long made Chopin's appeal transcend all manner of social and political divides.

    Polish folk motifs thread through some of his finest pieces, and patriotic fervor, as well as homesick longing, infuse some of his best-known works.

 

第二部分汉译英

    国际金融危机给中国带来了前所未有的困难和挑战。主要表现在：经济增长压力明显加大，进出口继续下滑，工业生产明显放缓，部分企业生产经营困难，就业难度加大。这场国际金融危机与中国发展方式转变、经济结构调整的关键时期不期而遇，新的挑战与既有矛盾相互交织，加大了我们解决问题的难度。

    为应对国际金融危机冲击、保持经济平稳较快发展，中国及时调整宏观经济政策，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，形成了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的一揽子计划。

    中国政府大规模增加政府支出，实施总额４万亿元人民币的两年投资计划，实行结构性减税政策，多次降息和增加银行体系流动性，大范围实施产业调整振兴规划，大力推进科技创新和技术改造，大力加强节能减排和生态环境保护，继续调整国民收入分配格局，大力拓展国内市场特别是农村市场，大幅度提高社会保障水平。

    这些措施已取得初步成效。国内消费需求比较旺盛，投资需求稳步提高，社会大局保持稳定。

2010年5月9日人事部三级笔译真题回忆
　　英译汉（出自纽约时报2009.3.26）：

　　LECCO, Italy - Each morning, about 450 students travel along 17 school bus routes to 10 elementary schools in this lakeside city at the southern tip of Lake Como. There are zero school buses.
　　In 2003, to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity, local traffic jams and - most important - a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions, an environmental group here proposed a retro-radical concept: children should walk to school.
　　They set up a piedibus (literally foot-bus in Italian) - a bus route with a driver but no vehicle. Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along Lecco's twisting streets to the schools' gates, Pied Piper-style, stopping here and there as their flock expands.
　　At the Carducci School, 100 children, or more than half of the students, now take walking buses. Many of them were previously driven in cars. Giulio Greppi, a 9-year-old with shaggy blond hair, said he had been driven about a third of a mile each way until he started taking the piedibus. 'I get to see my friends and we feel special because we know it's good for the environment,' he said.
　　Although the routes are each generally less than a mile, the town's piedibuses have so far eliminated more than 100,000 miles of car travel and, in principle, prevented thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air, Dario Pesenti, the town's environment auditor, estimates.
　　The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United States and Europe, experts on both continents say, making up a sizable chunk of transportation's contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions. The 'school run' made up 18 percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain last year, a national survey showed.
　　In 1969, 40 percent of students in the United States walked to school; in 2001, the most recent year data was collected, 13 percent did, according to the federal government's National Household Travel Survey.
　　Lecco's walking bus was the first in Italy, but hundreds have cropped up elsewhere in Europe and, more recently, in North America to combat the trend.
　　Towns in France, Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes, although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco's.

汉译英（选自胡锦涛在联合国气候变化峰会开幕式上讲话):
　　全球气候变化深刻影响着人类生存和发展，是各国共同面临的重大挑战。气候变化是人类发展进程中出现的问题，既受自然因素影响，也受人类活动影响，既是环境问题，更是发展问题，同各国发展阶段、生活方式、人口规模、资源禀赋以及国际产业分工等因素密切相关。
　　归根到底，应对气候变化问题应该也只能在发展过程中推进，应该也只能靠共同发展来解决。中国已经制定和实施了《应对气候变化国家方案》，明确提出2005年到2010年降低单位国内生产总值能耗和主要污染物排放、提高森林覆盖率和可再生能源比重等有约束力的国家指标。
　　中国高度重视和积极推动以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展，明确提出了建设生态文明的重大战略任务，强调要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持走可持续发展道路，在加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会和建设创新型国家的进程中不断为应对气候变化作出贡献。
　　今后，中国将进一步把应对气候变化纳入经济社会发展规划，并继续采取强有力的措施。一是加强节能、提高能效工作，争取到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年有显著下降。二是大力发展可再生能源和核能。三是大力增加森林碳汇。四是大力发展绿色经济，积极发展低碳经济和循环经济，研发和推广气候友好技术

2010年11月人事部三级笔译真题

第一部分英译汉   

能源

    When night falls in remote parts of Africa and the Indian subcontinent, hundreds of millions of people without access to electricity turn to candles or kerosene lamps for illumination.
   Slowly through small loans for solar powered devices, microfinance is bringing light to these rural regions where a lack of electricity has stemmed economic development, held down literacy rates and damaged health.
   “Earlier, they could not do much once the sun set. Now, the sun is used differently. They have increased their productivity, improved their health and socio-economic status,” said Pinal Shah from SEWA Bank, a micro-lending institution.
   Vegetable seller Ramiben Waghri took out a loan to buy a solar lantern which she uses to light up her stall at night. The lantern costs between $66-$112, about a week’s income for Waghri. “The vegetables look better by this light, and it’s cheaper than kerosene and doesn’t smell,” said Waghri, who estimates she makes about 300 rupees ($6) more each evening with her lantern. “If we can use the sun to save some money, why not?”
   In India, solar power projects, often funded by micro credit institutions, are helping the country reduce carbon emissions and achieve its goal to double the contribution of renewable energy to 6%, or 25,000 megawatts, within the next four years.
   Off-grid applications such as solar cookers and lanterns, which can provide several hours of light at night after being charged by the sun during the day, will help cut dependence on fossil fuels and reduce the fourth biggest emitter’s carbon footprint, said Pradeep Dadhich, a senior fellow at energy research institute TERI in India“ They are reaching people who otherwise have limited or no access to electricity and depend on kerosene, diesel or firewood for their energy need,” he said. “The appliances not only satisfy these needs, they also improve the quality of life and reduce the carbon emissions.”
    SEWA, or the Self-Employed Women’s Association, is among a growing number of microfinance institutions in India focused on providing affordable renewable energy sources to poor people, who otherwise would have had to stand for hours to buy kerosene for lamps or trudge kilometers to collect firewood for cooking.
    SKS, Microfinance, the largest such institution in India, offers solar lamps to its 5 million customers, while the Rural Solar Electricity Foundation helps pay for lamps and systems for homes and street lighting for villagers in India, Nepal and Bangladesh.
    In neighboring Bangladesh, the state-owned and private-sector power plants can generate 3,700 to 4,300 megawatts of electricity a day against a demand of 5,500 megawatts, according to the state-run power development board. With only 40 percent of the country’s people having access to electricity, microfinance institutions like Grameen Bank have made a major push toward expanding the use of solar power. Since 2001, 350,000 solar home systems have been installed in Bangladesh and 550,000 solar lanterns have been distributed, bringing solar power to about 4 million people.
    “Right now 2.5million people are benefiting from solar energy, and we have a plan to reach 10 million people by the end of 2012,” said Dipal Chandra Barua, managing director of Grameen Shakti, an offshoot of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner Grameen Bank, which encourages the use of alternative energy.
参考译文

    在印度次大陆的边远地区，夜幕降临的时候，数亿人用不上电，靠蜡烛或煤油灯照明。用小额短期贷款购买太阳能装置，小额借贷渐渐地给这些农村地区带来了光明。缺电一直阻碍着那些地方的经济发展，限制了识字率的提高，损害了人们的健康。
    赛瓦银行是一家小额信贷机构，其工作人员皮纳•沙赫说，“早先，太阳一落山，人们就干不了多少事了。现在，采取不同的方法来利用太阳，人们提高了生产力，改善了健康状况，提高了社会经济地位。”
    拉米本•瓦格里是一个菜贩，她贷款购买了一盏太阳能灯，夜晚挂在菜摊上照明。一盏太阳能灯标价66至112美元，大约是瓦格里女士这样的人一周的收入。瓦格里女士说：“这盏灯一照，蔬菜显得更新鲜了，而且这还比用煤油便宜，也没什么气味。”她估计，有了这盏灯，她每晚可多挣300卢比，合6美元。她说：“要是能用太阳省点钱，干嘛不呢?”
    在印度，太阳能项目往往能得到小额信贷机构的资助，这些项目正帮助这个国家减少碳排放，并在未来4年内实现使可再生能源的贡献率翻一番的目标，即6%，合25,000兆瓦。
    印度能源资源研究所（简称TERI）高级研究员普拉迪普•达迪奇称，不靠电网供电的电器，如太阳能灶和在白天吸收太阳能后可在夜间照明数小时之久的太阳能灯，将有助于减少对化石燃料的依赖。他还说：“许多人用不上电，或只能用少量的电，而用煤油、柴油或柴火满足其能源需求，现在他们也能用上这些电器了。这些电器不仅能满足他们的需求，还能提高他们的生活质量，减少碳排放量。”
    个体经营妇女协会（简称SEWA）是印度日益增多的小额信贷机构之一，其工作重点是向穷人提供廉价的可再生能源，否则这些穷人只得排数小时的队去买煤油点灯，或跋涉几公里路去拾柴做饭。
    SKS小额借贷公司是印度此类机构中最大的，它向500万客户提供太阳能灯，而农村太阳能电力基金会则为印度、尼泊尔和孟加拉国村民购买此类家庭用灯和街道照明系统付款。
    国家电力发展局提供的数据，在邻国孟加拉，国营和私营发电厂每天能生产3700至4300兆瓦的电力，而每天的电需求量则是5500兆瓦。由于仅有40%的人能用上电，小额借贷机构如格拉民银行就大力推广利用太阳能。自2001年以来，已在孟加拉国安装了35万套家用太阳能设备，提供了55万盏太阳能灯，使约400万人用上了太阳能。
   格拉民银行曾因提倡使用替代能源而荣获2006年诺贝尔和平奖，其分支机构格拉民沙克蒂公司总裁迪帕.钱德拉.巴鲁亚说， “目前有250万人受益于太阳能，我们还有一个计划，到2012年底前要把太阳能推广至1000万人。”

 

第二部分汉译英

    互联网推进了中国经济社会发展。在经济领域，互联网加速向传统产业渗透，产业边界日益交融，新型商务模式和服务经济加速兴起，衍生了新的业态。互联网在促进经济结构调整、转变经济发展方式等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。

    互联网成为推动中国经济发展的重要引擎。包括互联网在内的信息技术与产业，对中国经济高速增长作出了重要贡献。

    互联网与实体经济不断融合，利用互联网改造和提升传统产业，带动了传统产业结构调整和经济发展方式的转变。互联网发展与运用还催生了一批新兴产业，工业咨询、软件服务、外包服务等工业服务业蓬勃兴起。信息技术在加快自主创新和节能降耗，推动减排治污等方面的作用日益凸显，互联网已经成为中国发展低碳经济的新型战略性产业。

    中国政府将大力推动电子商务类、教育类网站发展，积极推进电子政务建设，支持发展网络广播、网络电视等新兴媒体，倡导提供形式多样、内容丰富的互联网信息服务，以满足人们多样化、多层次的信息消费需求。

 

2011年5月人事部三级笔译真题

英国著名古迹“巨石阵”维修工程因财政预算推迟
Stonehenge, England — The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge stands tall in the British countryside as one of the last remnants of the Neolithic Age. Recently it has also become the latest symbol of another era: the new fiscal austerity.

Renovations — including a plan to replace the site’s run-down visitors center with one almost five times bigger and to close a busy road that runs along the 5,000-year-old monument — had to be mothballed in June. The British government had suddenly withdrawn ￡10 million, or $16 million, in financing for the project as part of a budget squeeze.

Stonehenge, once a temple with giant stone slabs aligned in a circle to mark the passage of the sun, is among the most prominent victims of the government’s spending cuts. The decision was heavily criticized by local lawmakers, especially because Stonehenge, a Unesco

World Heritage site, was part of London’s successful bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games.The shabby visitors center there now is already too small for the 950,000 people who visit Stonehenge each year, let alone the additional onslaught of tourists expected for the Games, the lawmakers say.

Stonehenge is the busiest tourist attraction in Britain’s southwest, topping even Windsor Castle. But no major improvements have been made to the facilities there since they were built 40 years ago.For now, portable toilets lead from a crammed parking lot, via a makeshift souvenir shop in a tent, to a ticket office opposite a small kiosk that sells coffee and snacks.

The overhaul was scheduled for next spring. Plans by the architectural firm Denton Corker Marshall would keep the stone monument itself unchanged. But the current ticket office and shop would be demolished and a new visitors center would be built on the other side of the monument, about two and a half kilometers, or 1.5 miles, from the stones.The center would include a shop almost five times the size of the current one, a proper restaurant, three times as many parking spots and an exhibition space to provide more information about Stonehenge’s history.

A transit system would shuttle visitors between the center and the stones while footpaths would encourage tourists to walk to the monument and explore the surrounding burial hills. The closed road would be grassed over to improve the surrounding landscape.

Last year, the ￡27 million project won the backing of former Prime Minister Gordon Brown. After more than 25 years of bickering with local communities about how and where to build the new center, planning permission was granted in January. Construction was supposed to start next year and be completed in time for the Olympics — but the economic downturn has changed those plans.

The new prime minister, David Cameron, has reversed many of his predecessor’s promises as part of a program to cut more than ￡99 billion annually over the next five years to help close a gaping budget deficit. The financing for Stonehenge fell in the first round of cuts, worth about ￡6.2 billion, from the budget for the current year, along with support for a hospital and the British Film Institute.

English Heritage, a partly government-financed organization that owns Stonehenge and more than 400 other historic sites in the country, is now aggressively looking for private donations. But the economic downturn has made the endeavor more difficult.

Hunched over architectural renderings of the new center, Loraine Knowles, Stonehenge’s project director, said she was disappointed that the government had withdrawn money while continuing to support museums in London, like the Tate and the British Museum. But Ms. Knowles said she was hopeful that English Heritage could raise the money elsewhere. Stonehenge, she said, could then also become “a shining example of how philanthropy could work.”

汉译英：　　2010年9月7日国家副主席习近平在联合国贸发会的发言

　　坚持对外开放基本国策，坚定不移地发展开放型经济、奉行互利共赢的开放战略，是改革开放30多年来中国经济持续快速发展的一条成功经验。招商引资、择优选资，促进“引资”与“引智”相结合，是中国对外开放的重要内容。截至2010年7月，中国累计设立外商投资企业69.8万家，实际使用外资1.05万亿美元。目前中国22%的税收、28%的工业增加值、55%的进出口、50%的技术引进、约4500万

　　人的就业，都来自外商投资企业的贡献。对外开放、吸引外资是互利共赢的。对中国来说，通过持续吸引外资为国家现代化建设提供了必要的资金、先进的技术和宝贵的管理经验以及众多国际化人才。对外商投资企业来说，则赢得了可观的投资回报，不少在华外商投资企业成为其母公司全球业务的增长亮点和利润中心。联合国贸发会议最新调查显示，目前中国依然是全球最具吸引力的投资东道国。

　　近年来，中国全面把握对外开放阶段性特点，按照完善内外联动、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系的要求，总结实践中的成功经验，把“引进来”和“走出去”更好地结合起来，创新对外投资和合作方式，支持企业在研发、生产、销售等方面开展国际化经营。截至2009年底，中国共在境外设立企业1.3万家，境外企业资产总额超过1万亿美元，对外投资存量已达2457亿美元，投资区域遍布全球177个

国家和地区。目前，中国正在加快推进各种形式的对外投资合作，培育发展中国的跨国公司，支持有实力的企业建立国际营销网络，加强境外基础设施建设合作，规范发展对外劳务合作，积极推动境外经贸合作区建设，缓解我国生产能力过剩、内需不足的矛盾，推动国内产业转型，带动相关产品和服务出口。

2011年11月13号catti三级笔译真题

Section 1 English-Chinese Translation ( 50 points )
　　Translate the following passage into Chinese.
　　This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development Report.
　　Claims of a 'water apartheid,' where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilities - to the rich and the poor alike - is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.
　　The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities like Manila and Jakarta, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made to local water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor, he added.
　　The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains.The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well.
　　By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean water, according to the agency’s report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the agency’s proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water.
　　People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne diseases - a common malady in the developing world - and much more likely to enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might find receptive ears in private credit markets - as long as it can harness the return. Similarly, private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years.
　　In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon themselves. 'People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little resources they have to help their communities,' he said. 'That’s especially true out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they invest themselves to improve their villages. 'It is not always easy to take these solutions and replicate them in other countries, though. Assembling a broad menu of different approaches can be the first step in finding the right solution for a given region or country.
　　

Section 2 Chinese-English Translation ( 50 points )
　　Translate the following passage into English.
　　即使碰着丰收年成，对中国来说，要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球五分之一的进口仍是一项艰难的使命。
　　中国当时势临良多挑战，最严重的挑战之一就是耕地流失踪。曩昔几年中，平均每年有66.7万公顷耕地被城市扩建、工业成长以及公路培植工程占用，还有1万平方公里的耕地被沙漠吞噬。
　　中国北方地域地下水位下降，农人不得不改种耐旱、地产作物，甚至撂荒。同时，农业基本行动措施损耗严重，三分之二的浇灌行动措施需要整修。
　　因为农人为增添收入而改种经济作物，农业出产体例正在改变。曩昔十几年，全国水不美观和蔬菜种植面积平均每年增添130万公顷。是以，水稻、玉米及小麦产量急剧下降。中国已由粮食净出口国变为粮食净进口国。
　　中国政府把农业更始视为甲等大事，投入大量资金用于提高小麦和稻米的收购价以及改良农田浇灌基本行动措施。近年来，农产物的价钱稳步上升，中国政府采纳此项法子音提高农人种粮的积极性。

2012年5月27日人事部笔译三级（CATTI）实务真题。

E-C （选自纽约时报）

        Back home in Gambia, Amadou Jallow was, at 22, a lover of reggae who had just finished college and had landed a job teaching science in a high school. But Europe beckoned.

       In his West African ho, meland, Mr, . Jallow’s salary , was the equivalent of just 50 euros a month, barely enough for the necessities, he said. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia’s largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe.

       Now he laughs bitterly about all that talk. He lives in a patch of woods here in southern Spain, just outside the village of Palos de la Frontera, with hundreds of other immigrants. They have built their homes out of plastic sheeting and cardboard, unsure if the water they drink from an open pipe is safe. After six years on the continent, Mr. Jallow is rail thin, and his eyes have a yellow tinge.

       “We are not bush people,” he said recently as he gathered twigs to start a fire. “You think you are civilized. But this is how we live here. We suffer here.”

       The political upheaval in Libya in North Africa has opened the way for thousands of new migrants to make their way to Europe across the Mediterranean. But for Mr. Jallow and for many others who arrived before them, often after days at sea without food or water, Europe has offered hardships they never imagined. These days Mr. Jallow survives on two meals a day, mostly a leaden paste made from flour and oil, which he stirs with a branch. “It keeps the hunger away,” he said.

       The authorities estimate that there are perhaps 10,000 immigrants living in the woods in the southern Spanish province of Andalusia, a region known for its crops of strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, and there are thousands more migrants in areas that produce olives, oranges and vegetables. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jallow’s.

       From the road, their encampments look like igloos tucked among the trees. Up close, the squalor is clear. Piles of garbage and flies are everywhere. Old clothes stiff from dirt and rain, hang from branches. “There is everything in there,” said Diego Cañamero, the leader of the farm workers’ union in Andalusia, which tries to advocate for the men. “You have rats and snakes and mice and fleas.”

       The men in the woods do not call home with the truth, though. They send pictures of themselves posing next to Mercedes cars parked on the street, the kind of pictures that Mr. Jallow says he fell for so many years ago. Now he shakes his head toward his neighbors, who will not talk to reporters. “So many lies,” he said. “It is terrible what they are doing. But they are embarrassed.”

       Even now, though, Mr. Jallow will not consider going back to Gambia. “I would prefer to die here,” he said. “I cannot go home empty-handed. If I went home, they would be saying, ‘What have you been doing with yourself, Amadou?’ They think in Europe there is money all over.”

       The immigrants — virtually all of them are men — cluster by nationality and look for work on the farms. But Mr. Cañamero says they are offered only the least desirable work, like handling pesticides, and little of it at that. Most have no working papers. Occasionally, the police bring bulldozers to tear down the shelters. But the men, who have usually used their family’s life savings to get here, are mostly left alone — the conditions they live under are an open secret in the nearby villages.

C-E（摘自胡锦涛2011年的讲话）